Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genotoxic potential of Dianthus superbus var. superbus and Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg. methanolic extracts in Chinese hamster ovary cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-50267-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Viability of CHO-K1 cells after 24 h of treatment with D. superbus ( A ) and P. paradoxus ( B ) expressed as a percentage of the DMSO control (set to 100%). Data are presented as mean ± STD from three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: The CHO-K1 cell line (603480) was purchased from CLS Cell Lines Service (GmbH, Germany).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genotoxic potential of Dianthus superbus var. superbus and Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg. methanolic extracts in Chinese hamster ovary cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-50267-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: The cytotoxic effects of D. superbus extracts ( A ) and P. paradoxus ( B ) extracts on CHO-K1 cells under the CBMN assay in the absence and presence of MMC. Data represents the mean values from three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: The CHO-K1 cell line (603480) was purchased from CLS Cell Lines Service (GmbH, Germany).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genotoxic potential of Dianthus superbus var. superbus and Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg. methanolic extracts in Chinese hamster ovary cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-50267-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) The effect of different D. superbus extract treatments on the micronuclei frequency (%) in CHO-K1 cells. Cells were treated for 24 h either with DMSO at 0.3% (NC), MMC at 0.025 µg/mL or 3 different concentrations of D. superbus extract, 6.3, 12.5 and 25 µg/mL. Then cells were incubated with 3 µg/mL of cytochalasin B for another 24 h. Graphs represent data collected from 3 independent experiments. One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test using GraphPad Prism 7 software, was applied to calculate statistical significance in comparison with the NC control. (* p = 0.0155, *** p = 0.0006, **** p < 0.0001). Micronuclei frequency (%) was calculated from the following Equation: Micronuclei frequency (%) = binucleated cells with MN /binucleated cells *100. ( B ) Representative microscopic images showing micronuclei formation in binucleated CHO-K1 cells, observed with a 40× objective. CHO-K1 cell DNA was stained with Hoechst dye. Green arrows indicate the micronuclei, and the white line, labelled 50 μm, represents the scale bar in the image.

Article Snippet: The CHO-K1 cell line (603480) was purchased from CLS Cell Lines Service (GmbH, Germany).

Techniques: Incubation, Software, Comparison, Control, Staining

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genotoxic potential of Dianthus superbus var. superbus and Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg. methanolic extracts in Chinese hamster ovary cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-50267-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) The effect of different D. superbus extract treatments on the micronuclei frequency (%) in CHO-K1 cells in the presence of MMC. Cells were treated for 24 h either with DMSO (NC), MMC at 0.025 µg/mL or in combnation of MMC and of D. superbus extract at 3 different concentrations 6.3, 12.5 and 25 µg/mL 24 h, then incubation with 3 µg/mL of cytochalasin B for another 24 h. Graphs represent data collected from 3 independent experiments. One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test using GraphPad Prism 7 software, was applied to calculate statistical significance in comparison with the NC control. (* p = 0.0155, *** p = 0.0006, **** p < 0.0001). Micronuclei frequency (%) was calculated from the following Equation: Micronuclei frequency (%) = binucleated cells with MN /binucleated cells *100. ( B ) Representative images illustrating micronuclei formation in binucleated CHO-K1 cells after exposure to MMC alone or in combination with the highest tested concentration of D. superbus extract.

Article Snippet: The CHO-K1 cell line (603480) was purchased from CLS Cell Lines Service (GmbH, Germany).

Techniques: Incubation, Software, Comparison, Control, Concentration Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genotoxic potential of Dianthus superbus var. superbus and Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg. methanolic extracts in Chinese hamster ovary cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-50267-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) The effect of different P. paradoxus extract treatments on the micronuclei frequency (%) in CHO-K1 cells. Cells were treated for 24 h with 3 different concentrations of P. paradoxus extract, 12.5, 25 and 50 µg/mL or MMC at 0.025 µg/mL, then followed by 24 h incubation with 3 µg/mL of cytochalasin B. Graphs represent data collected from 3 independent experiments. One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test using GraphPad Prism 7 software, was applied to calculate statistical significance in comparison with the NC control. (* p = 0.0435, ** p = 0.0019, *** p = 0.0007, **** p < 0.0001). ( B ) The micronuclei formation in binucleated CHO-K1 cells, observed with a 40× objective. CHO-K1 cells’ DNA was stained with Hoechst dye. Green arrows indicate the micronuclei, and the white line, labelled 50 μm, represents the scale bar in the image.

Article Snippet: The CHO-K1 cell line (603480) was purchased from CLS Cell Lines Service (GmbH, Germany).

Techniques: Incubation, Software, Comparison, Control, Staining

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genotoxic potential of Dianthus superbus var. superbus and Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg. methanolic extracts in Chinese hamster ovary cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-50267-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) The effect of different P. paradoxus extract treatments on the micronuclei frequency (%) in CHO-K1 cells. Cells were treated for 24 h with 3 different concentrations of P. paradoxus extract, in the presence of MMC, then followed by 24 h of incubation with 3 µg/mL of cytochalasin B. Graphs represent data collected from 3 independent experiments. One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test using GraphPad Prism 7 software, was applied to calculate statistical significance in comparison with NC control. (* p = 0.0435, ** p = 0.0019, *** p = 0.0007, **** p < 0.0001). in micronuclei frequency (%) was calculated from the following Equation: ( B ) Representative microscopic images showing micronuclei formation in binucleated CHO-K1 cells, observed with a 40× objective after 24 treated with 0.025 µg/mL MMC alone or MMC + P. paradoxus extract at 25 µg/mL. CHO-K1 cell DNA was stained with Hoechst dye. Green arrows indicate the micronuclei, and the white line, labelled 50 μm, represents the scale bar in the image.

Article Snippet: The CHO-K1 cell line (603480) was purchased from CLS Cell Lines Service (GmbH, Germany).

Techniques: Incubation, Software, Comparison, Control, Staining

Journal: Metabolites

Article Title: The Cholesterol Metabolite Cholest-5-en-3-One Alleviates Hyperglycemia and Hyperinsulinemia in Obese ( db / db ) Mice

doi: 10.3390/metabo12010026

Figure Lengend Snippet: Luciferase activities in NFκB-Luc/CHO-K1 cells. Cells were treated with or without murine TNFα (10 ng/mL in DMSO), cholesterol (100 µM in DMSO), 5-cholestenone (100 µM choles-5-en-3-one in DMSO), or 1 µM IKK2 inhibitor IV. After 7 h of incubation, NFκB luciferase was detected using the ONE-Step TM Luciferase assay system. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard error ( n = 3 wells). * Significant difference at p < 0.05 compared to DMSO (TNFα-) treatment. † Significant difference at p < 0.05 compared to DMSO (TNFα+) treatment.

Article Snippet: In the NFκB-Luc/CHO-K1 cell line (BPS Bioscience, San Diego, CA, USA), fLUC expression is controlled by the NFκB response element located upstream of the TATA promoter and is suitable for monitoring the activity of the NFκB transcription factor through luminescence readout.

Techniques: Luciferase, Incubation